Concentration of people and their work in rising megacities like Jakarta is a boon for economic efficiency, but will urban poverty and its inevitable health consequences undo potential gains? Pedro Malan, a former Governor of the Central Bank of Brazil and current member of the Steering Committee of the Emerging Markets Symposium at Oxford University, says health policies will matter a great deal in the future. “If cities are to drive emerging-market countries towards a better future, their governments must ensure that urban housing, infrastructure, and services stay abreast of demand.”