Ethan Siegel

Ethan Siegel

Theoretical astrophysicist and science writer

Ethan Siegel Starts with a Bang!

Ethan Siegel is a Ph.D. astrophysicist and author of "Starts with a Bang!" He is a science communicator, who professes physics and astronomy at various colleges. He has won numerous awards for science writing since 2008 for his blog, including the award for best science blog by the Institute of Physics. His two books "Treknology: The Science of Star Trek from Tricorders to Warp Drive" and "Beyond the Galaxy: How humanity looked beyond our Milky Way and discovered the entire Universe" are available for purchase at Amazon. Follow him on Twitter @startswithabang.

jwst
Asteroid 2024 YR4, which could devastate a city's worth of humans, has gone from 1.2% to 2.3% to 2.6% to 3.1% chances of impact. Here's why.
Illustration of a fiery star with a rocky exoplanet transiting in front, set against a starry background—a scene reminiscent of what the JWST might reveal as the exoplanet begins to vaporize from intense heat.
At extremely close distances to their stars, even rocky planets can be completely disintegrated. We've just caught our first one in action.
A spiral galaxy with a luminous core, surrounded by swirling arms and smaller galaxies, forms a mesmerizing bullseye ring galaxy, set against a backdrop of stars in space.
Ring galaxies are rare, but we think we know how they form. A new, early-stage version, the Bullseye galaxy, provides a new testing ground.
Image of Pluto and its moon Charon in space. Pluto shows distinct surface features with areas of varying colors, while Charon appears smaller with a darker, smoother surface.
Here in our Solar System, terrestrial bodies get moons from gravitational capture or collisions. The Pluto-Charon system? It was both.
first contact
Only 5% of the Universe is made of normal "stuff" like we are. Could there be dark matter or dark energy life, or even aliens, out there?
Diagram illustrating how small fundamental particles are, showing scaling sizes from macroscopic matter to quarks. It details crystal, atom, atomic nucleus, and nucleon sizes in meters, ranging from 10^-9 m to
When we divide matter into its fundamental, indivisible components, are those particles truly point-like, or is there a finite minimum size?
World map showing temperature changes from 1880 to 2024, with warmer regions in red and cooler areas in blue. A timeline runs from 1880 to 2024 at the bottom.
The primary causes of global climate change are all due to human activity. Adding aerosols to our atmosphere only exacerbates the problem.
black hole merger
The ultimate multi-messenger astronomy event would have gravitational waves, particles, and light arriving all at once. Did that just occur?
Astronomical image of a young star system with labeled features: jet, conical outflow, dark lane, possible spiral, disk, tail, and a scale marking 300 astronomical units.
A young, nearby, massive star, whose protoplanetary disk appears perfectly edge-on, was just viewed by JWST, with staggering implications.
Five men, immersed in conversation, sit indoors on a blanket, eating from metal bowls. Despite the cloud of ignorance surrounding them about modern science, they share stories and laughter as a red bowl rests prominently at their center.
If we wish to tackle the very real problems society faces, we require expert-level knowledge. Valuing it starts earlier than we realize.
super earth mini neptune transit spectroscopy
Seeking life beyond the Solar System, we first look to the closest star systems with Earth-like planets. Here's why that's not good enough.
A grayscale image captures the moon's surface, featuring numerous craters of varying sizes. The scene is reminiscent of a lunar Grand Canyon, with a highlighted spot drawing the viewer's attention.
Our Moon is full of craters, basins, and ancient lava flows. But two large lunar Grand Canyons have the same origin: a single, giant impact.
A colorful cosmic scene features a bright super star cluster with glowing stars surrounded by swirling red, orange, blue, and gray nebulous clouds.
There are only four super star clusters in all the Local Group: rarities today. Here's what the youngest, the just-discovered N79, shows us.
warm-hot intergalactic medium sculptor wall
Here in our Universe, both normal and dark matter can be measured astrophysically. But only normal matter can collapse. Why is that?
A textured, abstract artwork prominently features the word "CENSORSHIP" in bold black, flanked by stark words like "BEATEN," "DEATHS," and "IRON FIST." The beige backdrop subtly hints at government influence, blending shadows of science with restraint.
With a flurry of threats to scientists, science funding, and health policy, the USA now faces a crisis reminiscent of Soviet-era Lysenkoism.
Diagram showing the cosmic microwave background radiation with satellites COBE, WMAP, and Planck, illustrating improvements in observational detail and resolution.
First discovered in the mid-1960s, no cosmic signal has taught us more about the Universe, or spurred more controversy, than the CMB.
elements
From LIGO, there weren't enough neutron star-neutron star mergers to account for our heavy elements. With a JWST surprise, maybe they can.
A dark nebula with dimming T Tauri stars nestled among dust and gas. The nebula casts a shadowy silhouette against a backdrop of numerous smaller stars in space.
It's the ultimate game of cosmic "cover up," as the dimming occurs when a circumbinary disk from a nearby star passes in front of T Tauri North.
Illustration of the periodic table with a human silhouette reveals how heaviest elements shape us. Elements are color-coded, depicting the percentage composition of the body: 73% oxygen, 16.5% carbon, 9.5% hydrogen, and 1% others.
Matter is made up largely of atoms, where atomic nuclei can contain up to 100 protons or more. But how were the heaviest elements made?
CMB polarization Planck
Cosmic inflation, proposed back in 1980, is a theory that precedes and sets up the hot Big Bang. After thorough testing, is it still valid?