History & Society

History & Society

Trace how culture, power, and ideas shape societies across time.

travel straight line
Is the Universe finite or infinite? Does it go on forever or loop back on itself? Here's what would happen if you traveled forever.
A stylized silhouette of a person under an umbrella amidst falling snow, depicted in black against a speckled beige background, embodying elements of Japanese philosophy.
Japanese thought can’t be easily characterized by just a few books — but this essential guide is a great place to start.
Painting of Prometheus holding a flaming torch aloft.
"Hardcore History" host Dan Carlin recently spoke with Big Think about the history of humanity's drive to create — and whether or not we can control it.
Vintage portrait of a man, embodying the philosophy of AI, superimposed on an abstract cosmic background.
Step back from the AI maelstrom and explore Lem’s "Summa Technologiae" for a detached look at technology’s role in human evolution.
axions
The majority of the matter in our Universe isn't made of any of the particles in the Standard Model. Could the axion save the day?
This map samples some of the digits that make up the DDC system, invented by the brilliant but flawed Melvil Dewey.
cosmic epochs lookback hubble 13.8 billion
The Universe is 13.8 billion years old, going back to the hot Big Bang. But was that truly the beginning, and is that truly its age?
Abstract representation of a cosmic event with a burst of particles emanating from a central point, blending astrophysical imagery with geometric designs.
The "first cause" problem may forever remain unsolved, as it doesn’t fit with the way we do science.
Three red dice in mid-roll on a green surface.
6mins
Why most billionaires aren’t geniuses and most geniuses aren’t billionaires, explained by political scientist Brian Klaas.
Although human beings arrived on Earth just ~300,000 years ago, we've transformed the entire planet completely. Here's how we did it.
Pressed and dried ginkgo biloba leaf with visible veins and a tear.
Well-preserved ancient plants and other finds at the Clarkia fossil beds hint at what kind of evidence any Martian life may have left behind.
A bright star illuminates the surrounding space with a spectrum of colors in a nebula.
From before the Big Bang to Voyager 1, particle physicist Harry Cliff takes us on a whiz-bang tour of the Universe's evolution.
scholz's star
Despite billions of years of life on Earth, humans first arose only ~300,000 years ago. It took all that time to make our arrival possible.
Four earth-like planets from a multiverse, in varying colors, aligned in space against a starry background.
Some physicists are besot with the multiverse, but if we can't detect these other universes, how seriously should we take them?
Prehistoric landscape with a mammal-like creature, where mammals appeared, in the foreground and dinosaur skeletons depicted in the overlaying sketches.
Although mammals may be the dominant form of life today, we're relative newcomers on planet Earth. Here's our place in natural history.
Smiling pilot holding a helmet, wearing a flight suit with a u.s. insignia and a jet pack.
On the morning of April 20, 1961, all conditions were "go" for an attempt at free flight. A man was on standby with a fire extinguisher. Just in case.
A digital image of a star's structure superimposed on a futuristic tunnel with neon arrow accents.
In the infant Universe, particle physics reigned supreme.
For billions of years on Earth, life was limited to simple unicellular, non-differentiated organisms. In a mere flash, that changed forever.
Earth viewed from space, partially obscured by a graphical overlay illustrating how oxygen once nearly killed life.
Known as the Great Oxygenation Event, Earth froze over as oxygen accumulated in our atmosphere, nearly driving all life extinct.
Collage of a young person's face with abstract red scribbles and geometric shapes symbolizing ADHD.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has been a controversial diagnosis since it was first described, back in the 1940s.