Astrophysics

Astrophysics

pulsar orbiting a low-mass star in an X-ray binary system
Nearly half of all stars are born in binary systems, with the most massive ones dying the fastest. It's not pretty for the "second" star.
SpaceX rocket
Freethink's weekly countdown of the biggest space news, featuring Starship's second test flight, a new "dark mysteries" telescope, and more.
An image of an ancient black hole
The Big Bang theory is not threatened, but astrophysicists have some explaining to do.
An visualization of dark matter across the universe
The paper does not prove the existence of dark matter, but it mostly eliminates a rival theory called Modified Newtonian Dynamics.
A composite image showing the sun in two different wavelengths of light, highlighting its dynamic surface, magnetic activity, and the first elements formed.
In the early stages of the hot Big Bang, there were only free protons and neutrons: no atomic nuclei. How did the first elements form from them?
Two clocks displaying the accurate time on a blue background.
Our intuitive understanding of time is very different from a physicist's understanding of time. How do we reconcile these views?
A digital abstract composition with dynamic white lines and swirls on a black background, incorporating some blue rectangular shapes that appear to disappear like antimatter.
In the early stages of the hot Big Bang, matter and antimatter were (almost) balanced. After a brief while, matter won out. Here's how.
JADES galaxies
In 2022, Hubble owned the record for most distant galaxy. Today, that galaxy is down to the 9th most distant object. Thanks, JWST.
Diagram illustrating the phase transition between hadronic matter, where protons and neutrons are formed, and quark-gluon plasma as a function of temperature and density.
For a substantial fraction of a second after the Big Bang, there was only a quark-gluon plasma. Here's how protons and neutrons arose.
A diagram showing the difference between matter and antimatter.
In the earliest stages of the hot Big Bang, equal amounts of matter and antimatter should have existed. Why aren't they equal today?
A graphical representation illustrating the concept of the big bang and the subsequent expansion of the universe, depicted by a transition from a singular point of energy to a wide, grid-like spread of galaxies and celestial elements
When the hot Big Bang first occurred, the Universe reached a maximum temperature never recreated since. What was it like back then?
Visualization of the timeline of the universe, from the beginning big bang to the present.
Some 13.8 billion years ago, the Universe became hot, dense, and filled with high-energy quanta all at once. Here's what it was like.
An image of a nebula surrounded by stars, fine-tuned for life within its cosmic expanse.
Two of the answers add a dimension to physics that doesn’t belong there. Maybe we could call it "astrotheology."
nasa earth at night
With LEDs bringing brighter nighttime lighting than ever before, and thousands of new satellites polluting the skies, astronomy needs help.
A series of images showing different types of micrometeorites recovered in the transantarctic mountains
Finding alien technology on the seafloor would be truly incredible. This extraordinary claim, however, is debunked by the actual evidence.
Black outline of an atomic symbol with three intersecting ellipses on a solid blue background.
38mins
Our host Kmele went inside Fermilab, America’s premiere particle accelerator facility, to find out how the smallest particles in the universe can teach us about its biggest mysteries.
JWST supernova remnant Cas A NIRCam 16:9
In 1667, a core-collapse supernova happened right here in the Milky Way, invisible to all humans. ~350 years later, here's what JWST sees.
sun vs hd 12545 sunspot starspot temperature
When we look at our Sun, its properties are incredibly constant, varying by merely ~0.1% over time. But all stars don't play by those rules.
A man is working on a machine in a lab, using laser technology to apply precise pressure.
Light can be turned into heat, which can then be turned into motion, and the effect of that motion can be turned into a big squeeze.
colliding black holes
All matter particles can act as waves, and massless light waves show particle-like behavior. Can gravitational waves also be particle-like?
An image of a spiral galaxy in space.
We need a hypothesis that accounts for both the fine-tuning of physics for life but also the arbitrariness and gratuitous suffering we find in the world.
pandora cluster nircam chandra uhz1
With JWST, Chandra, and gravitational lensing combined, evidence has emerged for the earliest black hole ever. And wow, is it a surprise!
Nasa's nebulas and galaxies - exploring parallel universes.
What do ghosts and anomalous galaxy rotation rates have in common? Some sci-fi enthusiasts believe the answer involves "parallel universes."
euclid globular cluster NGC 6397
Sometimes, going "deeper" doesn't reveal the answers you seek. By viewing more Universe with better precision, ESA's Euclid mission shines.
A group of planets in space with a sun in the background.
The TRAPPIST-1 system is a treasure trove of possibilities and questions. Observations by JWST have just begun.
cosmic inflation
If the Universe is expanding, and the expansion is accelerating, what does that tell us about the cause of the expanding Universe?
Lockman hole galaxy cluster herschel
Everything we observe beyond our Local Group is speeding away from us, omnidirectionally. If the Universe is expanding, where is the center?
Crab Nebula James Webb JWST
In 1054, a core-collapse supernova occurred 6500 light-years away. In 2023, JWST imaged the remnant, and might solve a massive mystery.
venus earth comparison
Out of the four rocky planets in our Solar System, only Earth presently has plate tectonics. But billions of years ago, Venus had them, too.