Astrophysics

Astrophysics

An abstract geometric pattern of spirals and interlocking squares in white on a black grid background evokes the elegant precision often found at the intersection of mathematics and science.
Physicist Don Lincoln explains why mathematics is a powerful tool for scientific modeling, but is not a science itself.
Six mesmerizing images, bathed in red hues, reveal distant galaxies—JWST's little red dots. Each is precisely labeled: CEERS 14448, NGDEEP 4321, PRIMER-COS 10539, CEERS 20320, JADES 9186, and PRIMER-UDS 17818—alongside their corresponding redshift values.
The discovery of ultra-bright, ultra-distant galaxies was JWST's first big surprise. They didn't "break the Universe," and now we know why.
A supermassive black hole caught turning on reveals a mesmerizing cosmic dance, with bright streams of light and colorful gases swirling around it against a starry backdrop.
Seven years ago, an outburst in a distant galaxy brightened and faded away. Afterward, a new supermassive black hole jet emerged, but how?
A vibrant cosmic scene reveals a galaxy with bright jets of energy, hottest stars twinkling vividly amidst scattered stars against a dark backdrop.
Here in our Universe, stars shine brightly, providing light and heat to planets, moons, and more. But some objects get even hotter, by far.
A bright star emits light in a field of smaller, scattered stars against a dark sky.
Most stars shine with properties, like brightness, that barely change at all with time. The ones that do vary help us unlock the Universe.
Black and white abstract design featuring swirling, concentric patterns resembling a ripple effect with a yin-yang-like motif at the center.
Despite no experimental evidence showing that gravitons exist, they remain a respectable concept in the world of professional physicists.
A swirling black hole, prepared to suck in surrounding matter, features a glowing, distorted ring of light against a starry backdrop.
Many of us look at black holes as cosmic vacuum cleaners: sucking in everything in their vicinity. But it turns out they don't suck at all.
There's no upper limit to how massive galaxies or black holes can be, but the most massive known star is only ~260 solar masses. Here's why.
universe bulk volume brane dimension
In the year 2000, physicists created a list of the ten most important unsolved problems in their field. 25 years later, here's where we are.
lookback time galaxies
We see objects whose light only arrives just now. But we see them as they were in the past: when that now-arriving light was first emitted.
A rocket launches with flames visible at the bottom. The text "T-MINUS" is superimposed over the image.
Featuring SpaceX's "Mechazilla," a first-of-its-kind spacewalk, and more.
Visualization of a section through the large-scale structure of the universe highlighting cosmic web patterns and distributions.
Our Universe isn't just expanding, the expansion is accelerating. Instead of dark energy, could a "lumpy" Universe be at fault?
Sunlight, like a quantum sun, streams through tree branches, casting golden rays over a calm lake.
Despite the Sun's high core temperatures, atomic nuclei repel each other too strongly to fuse together. Good thing for quantum physics!
A planet's horizon illuminated by a bright sun against a backdrop of stars in space.
A recent measurement has simultaneously settled an ongoing scientific debate while puzzling scientists.
An abstract green fractal pattern resembling interconnected neural pathways on a black background evokes the complexity of a fractal universe.
On larger and larger scales, many of the same structures we see at small ones repeat themselves. Do we live in a fractal Universe?
It's not only the gravity from galaxies in a cluster that reveals dark matter, but the ejected, intracluster stars actually trace it out.
A digital countdown reading "0: MINUS" over an Earth view from space with scattered debris and sunlight illuminating the scene.
Experts answer 10 big questions about the nightmare scenario that could send us back to the pre-Space Age.
how common is life
Earth is actively broadcasting and actively searching for intelligent civilizations. But could our technology even detect ourselves?
In the depths of space, a spiral galaxy twists like a cosmic Kraken, its bright core and distinct arms encircled by a sea of stars against the dark expanse.
Did the Milky Way form by slowly accreting matter or by devouring its neighboring galaxies? At last, we're uncovering our own history.
A man in a suit and tie speaks at a podium with a microphone, gesturing with his right hand.
"Carl faced his death with unflagging courage and never sought refuge in illusions."
Known as orphaned planets, rogue planets, or planets without parent stars, these "outliers" might be the most common type of planet overall.
Our galactic home in the cosmos — the Milky Way — is only one of trillions of galaxies within our Universe. Is one of them truly our "twin?"
quantum gravity
Electromagnetism, both nuclear forces, and even the Higgs force are mediated by known bosons. What about gravity? Does it require gravitons?
elements
When three wise men gifted baby Jesus with gold, frankincense, and myrrh, they had no idea one was made from colliding neutron stars.
Bright orange star surrounded by a dense field of smaller white stars in space.
Carl Sagan was far from the first to declare we are the children of ancient stars.
quantum entanglement qubit ER = EPR
There was a lot of hype and a lot of nonsense, but also some profoundly major advances. Here are the biggest ones you may have missed.
The image showcases the JWST observations of the Firefly Sparkle galaxy alongside UGC 12158, a modern Milky Way analogue. It includes a reconstructed galaxy reminiscent of a baby Milky Way, beautifully interpreted through a lens model.
The Firefly Sparkle galaxy was only spotted because of gravitational lensing's effects. Yet galaxies like these brought us a visible cosmos.
moon landing Apollo 11
Sixty years ago, the Soviet Union was way ahead of the USA in the space race. Then one critical event changed everything.
A digital vortex with glowing cyan concentric circles and geometric shapes giving a sense of depth and motion.
The problem for galactic-scale civilizations comes down to two numbers.
evolution universe cosmic history big bang
From a hot, dense, uniform state in its earliest moments, our entire known Universe arose. These unavoidable steps made it all possible.