Astrophysics

Astrophysics

Phases of a partial lunar eclipse progression against a dark sky during the penumbral eclipse.
The least exciting of all eclipses, a penumbral lunar eclipse, foreshadows the spectacular show that April 8th's total eclipse will bring.
anitmatter annihilation
You can only create or destroy matter by creating or destroying equal amounts of antimatter. So how did we become a matter-rich Universe?
black hole hit Earth
No matter how you define the end, including the demise of humanity, all life, or even the planet itself, our ultimate destruction awaits.
Because of dark energy, distant objects speed away from us faster and faster as time goes on. How long before every galaxy is out of reach?
An image of a dead galaxy with a square in the middle taken by JWST.
Given enough time, all galaxies will expel their star-forming material and wind up dead. Is this the earliest one, or is it just asleep?
A group of stars and galaxies in space.
Galaxies don't simply feed their central supermassive black holes, but the activity generated inside affects the entire galaxy and more.
parity mirror universe
Symmetries aren't just about folding or rotating a piece of paper, but have a profound array of applications when it comes to physics.
An image of the future of US astronomy with a large telescope inside a building.
Ground-based facilities enable the greatest scientific production in all of astronomy. The NSF needs to be ambitious, and it's now or never.
A black and white image of a bunch of spheres, symbolizing the multiverse concept discussed by scientists.
The Multiverse fuels some of the 21st century's best fiction stories. But its supporting pillars are on extremely stable scientific footing.
Man in a suit posing with a vintage BBC Big Bang 75 microphone.
To Fred Hoyle, the Big Bang was nothing more than a creationist myth. 75 years later, it's cemented as the beginning of our Universe.
Fractal pattern with a stark contrast of vibrant orange and deep blue hues, designed to make the universe visible.
JWST has puzzled astronomers by revealing large, bright, massive early galaxies. But the littlest ones pack the greatest cosmic punch.
A laser beam is coming out of a large dome.
Tech designed to fuse atoms might be able to clean up space, too.
inflation spawn parallel universes
When cosmic inflation came to an end, the hot Big Bang ensued as a result. If our cosmic vacuum state decays, could it all happen again?
An image of a starry sky with numerous lines, depicting the concept of space pollution.
In 1957, humanity launched our first satellite; today's number is nearly 10,000, with 500,000+ more planned. Space is no longer pristine.
A diagram illustrating the earth's orbit around the sun with positions indicating seasonal change, including facts about leap day.
Leap day only comes once every four years, including in 2024. But the reason we have it, including when we do and don't, may surprise you.
An artist's impression of an asteroid in space.
The detection of two celestial interlopers careening through our solar system has scientists eagerly anticipating more.
Illustration of the solar system's planets and their predicted fates, with some being swallowed by the sun as it dies and others stripped of their atmospheres or ejected.
For now, our Solar System's eight planets are all safe, and relatively stable. Billions of years from now, everything will be different.
A small piece of rock from Germany on a white surface.
Meanwhile meteorite hunters rushed to Berlin to find this most rare space rock.
An image of a fireball emerging from a dark background.
Until the Apollo missions, we had no idea how the moon got here, just a series of educated guesses. They rewrote the story of the moon’s origins.
Planets in varying sizes orbiting around a bright central star in a purple-hued cosmos, where life persists.
There are plenty of life-friendly stellar systems in the Universe today. But at some point in the far future, life's final extinction will occur.
A blue t-shirt with a yellow circle and arrow, representing the universe.
The second law of thermodynamics tells us that entropy always increases. But that doesn't mean it was zero at the start of the Big Bang.
nasa merge black hole
So far, gravitational waves have revealed stellar mass black holes and neutron stars, plus a cosmic background. So much more is coming.
An image of a spiral galaxy taken by the JWST in space.
Almost every large structure in the Universe displays a 5:1 dark matter-to-normal matter ratio. Here's how some galaxies defy that rule.
Comparison of early Mars with abundant water and a thicker atmosphere versus the dry and arid Mars of today, much like Venus, which also died in terms of its potential to support life.
In the early stages of our Solar System, there were three life-friendly planets: Venus, Earth, and Mars. Only Earth thrived. Here's why.
gaia ESA milky way
For thousands of years, humanity had no idea how far away the stars were. In the 1600s, Newton, Huygens, and Hooke all claimed to get there.
Einstein field equations
Although many of Einstein's papers revolutionized physics, there's one Einsteinian advance, generally, that towers over all the rest.
A cluster of galaxies with a star in the middle.
Beyond the planets, stars, and Milky Way lie ultra-distant objects: galaxies and quasars. Here's how far back we've seen throughout history.
An abstract composite image depicting where life began with mountainous terrain, chemical structures, and a monochrome inset of a cloudy sky.
Although early Earth was a molten hellscape, once it cooled, life arose almost immediately. That original chain of life remains unbroken.
An image of a spiral galaxy in space.
In 1924, Edwin Hubble found proof that the Milky Way isn't the only galaxy in the Universe.
A diagram showing the structure of a galaxy.
The Universe didn't begin with a bang, but with an inflationary "whoosh" that came before. Here are the biggest questions that still remain.