Moon Exploration

Moon Exploration

A person’s silhouette looks out a spacecraft window at Earth—a blue and white sphere against the darkness of space—reflecting the hope inspired by Artemis II’s journey to the moon.
As humanity journeys to the Moon for the first time since 1972, can we rediscover our shared responsibilities: to the world and each other?
moon landing Apollo 11
Even though no human has stepped foot on the Moon's surface in 50 years, the evidence of our presence there remains unambiguous.
moon two faces
The far side of the Moon is incredibly different from the Earth-facing side. 66 years later, we know why the Moon's faces are not alike.
One side of the Moon always faces us: the near side. The "dark side" of the Moon began as a mere metaphor, but today, science can weigh in.
Image of Pluto and its moon Charon in space. Pluto shows distinct surface features with areas of varying colors, while Charon appears smaller with a darker, smoother surface.
Here in our Solar System, terrestrial bodies get moons from gravitational capture or collisions. The Pluto-Charon system? It was both.
A grayscale image captures the moon's surface, featuring numerous craters of varying sizes. The scene is reminiscent of a lunar Grand Canyon, with a highlighted spot drawing the viewer's attention.
Our Moon is full of craters, basins, and ancient lava flows. But two large lunar Grand Canyons have the same origin: a single, giant impact.
A rocket launches with flames visible at the bottom. The text "T-MINUS" is superimposed over the image.
Featuring SpaceX's "Mechazilla," a first-of-its-kind spacewalk, and more.
Six images of lunar craters including Centra Mare Fecunditatis, Mare Tranquillitatis, Mare Ingenii, Southweast, Schlieter Crater, Highland 1, Highland 2, and Mare Smth.
The recent discovery of a large cave on the Moon highlights the importance of caves not just for future space explorers but astrobiology as well.
Two astronauts in orange spacesuits and helmets prepare for a mission. A digital countdown displays "T-MINUS," with an Artemis mission patch visible on one spacesuit.
These missions will put us one step closer to the ultimate goal: crewed trips to Mars.
moon two faces
The near and far sides of the Moon are so different from each other, and no one is sure why. New lunar samples could confirm a wild theory.
Black and white image of the moon's surface covered with numerous craters of varying sizes under a stark black sky.
The Moon is the most likely place for evidence from the dawn of life on Earth to be preserved in cold storage.
An image of a fireball emerging from a dark background.
Until the Apollo missions, we had no idea how the moon got here, just a series of educated guesses. They rewrote the story of the moon’s origins.
An artist's rendering of the earth and a spacecraft in space.
This measurement is crucial to confirm that one of the assumptions of Einstein’s theory of gravity is valid.
Lunar footprints.
Over 50 years since humans last walked on the Moon, astronaut footprints and rover tracks are still visible. But they won't last forever.
use lasers keep track of moon nasa
For thousands of years, we puzzled at how far away the Moon was. Today we know its distance, at any time, to within millimeters.
In 2020, scientists took more than a kilo of moon rock and soil back to Earth for testing.
moon base
From astrobiology to geology, a Moon base could serve as a laboratory unlike anything on Earth.
changesite
It could one day fuel nuclear fusion reactors.
helium 3
Ancient helium-3 from the dawn of time leaks from the Earth, offering clues to our planet’s formation. A key question is where it leaks from.
gravitational waves
To study the origin of the Universe, we could build a constellation of six expensive spacecraft — or we could just use the Moon.
moon rock
Knowing that technology would advance in the future, NASA put some moon rock samples into storage without opening them. Now, they have.
space missions
Space missions in 2022 will include massive rockets and asteroid collisions. This is also the year space tourism starts to hit its stride.
lunar horizon glow clementine
We once thought the Moon was completely airless, but it turns out it has an atmosphere, after all. Even wilder: It has a tail of its own.
lunar eclipse
We haven't seen a partial eclipse lasting this long since 1440, and won't again until 2669. North America is perfectly positioned for 2021's.
With sodium-sensitive eyes, we’d see it every new Moon. With no detectable gases, the Moon appears to be atmosphere-free. The Moon as seen from a view above the majority of Earth’s […]
The full Moon is always a sight worth looking at. This March, the full Worm Moon is a little more “super” than usual. The full Moon is always a spectacular sight: […]
You get out what you put in, and we haven’t truly invested in space since Apollo ended. Humanity should be an interplanetary civilization by now. There is no scientific reason that […]
Here are four separate ways you can prove it, even 50 years after-the-fact. 50 years ago, on July 20, 1969, humanity took our first footsteps on the surface of another […]