Origin Of Life

Origin Of Life

Illustration of ape to human evolution with skeletal figures, labeled amino acids, and colorful dots representing molecular structures, highlighting metabolism and the origin of life on Earth.
A big open question in 21st-century science is how life began here on Earth. The metabolism-first scenario just might be the best one.
Illustration depicting cosmic evolution from the Big Bang, through inflation and CMB, to the large-scale cosmic web. As time advances from 0 to 13.8 billion years, SPHEREx's mapping of galaxies teaches what CMB can't about our universe's development.
Science has assembled an incredible story outlining our Universe's whole history. Despite its unrivaled success, 9 profound gaps remain.
Two hands, one light and one dark, each holding a contrastingly colored molecular structure against a gradient background.
The fear of unleashing forces beyond control has haunted science for centuries.
Microscopic view of a single-celled organism with a translucent body and clustered orange structures inside, set against a plain background.
Our Earthbound definitions of life could leave us blind to the Universe’s strangest forms.
5000 exoplanets
Somewhere, at some point in the history of our Universe, life arose. We're evidence of that here on Earth, but many big puzzles remain.
A cratered, spherical celestial body with a bright spot on its surface floats in dark outer space dotted with stars.
As the closest icy ocean world to Earth, Ceres may be a promising candidate in the search for signs of ancient life.
An artist's rendering of an alien planet and a red star.
A Cambridge-based team claims to find molecules on an exoplanet that are only produced by life on Earth. Don't fall for the unfounded hype.
Illustration of Mars being struck by an asteroid, with debris flying and Earth visible in the background.
Life may have arisen far earlier — and more rapidly — than previously thought.
Close-up of multi-colored snowflakes on the left and a detailed view of a spiral galaxy on the right against a star-filled background.
How did life on Earth begin? Is there life on other worlds? An answer to either question will reflect heavily on the other. 
Green and yellow abstract scientific illustration depicting molecular structures interconnected with arrows, set against a dark background.
It's deceptively tricky to distinguish living systems from non-living systems. Physics may be key to solving the problem.
A black and white image of a curled fern leaf is centered on a black background with faint, star-like specks, capturing an ethereal beauty reminiscent of Sara Walker's scientific explorations.
In "Life As No One Knows It," Sara Imari Walker explains why the key distinction between life and other kinds of "things" is how life uses information.
A collage featuring a detailed hand drawing, a scientific diagram of a circular interconnected pattern, and a black and white diagram resembling a microorganism on a blue background.
"What modern science has taught us is that life is not a property of matter."
Black and white image of the moon's surface covered with numerous craters of varying sizes under a stark black sky.
The Moon is the most likely place for evidence from the dawn of life on Earth to be preserved in cold storage.
An image of blue glow in the dark, signifying life.
In a recent paper, biologists outlined a three-part hypothesis for how all life as we know it began.
An abstract composite image depicting where life began with mountainous terrain, chemical structures, and a monochrome inset of a cloudy sky.
Although early Earth was a molten hellscape, once it cooled, life arose almost immediately. That original chain of life remains unbroken.
An image of an egg with a blue and white pattern on it.
If there’s life lurking on the moons of Saturn and Jupiter, could our instruments even detect it?
An image of a planet with a moon, highlighting one of the first living worlds discovered.
Life became a possibility in the Universe as soon as the raw ingredients were present. But living, inhabited worlds required a bit more.
Abstract representation of the first possible molecules in a cosmic setting with a celestial body.
Earth wasn't created until more than 9 billion years after the Big Bang. In some lucky places, life could have arisen almost right away.
An image of a star in space.
From how life emerged on Earth to why we dream, these unanswered questions continue to perplex scientists.
A drawing of a cell highlighting various organelles.
Scientists agree that eons ago, a bacterium took up residence inside another cell and became its powerhouse, the mitochondrion. But there are competing theories about the birth of other organelles such as the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum.
An artist's rendering of the surface of venus.
We don’t need to think about what life is made of but rather what it does.
overview effect
There's an entire Universe out there. So, with all that space, all those planets, and all those chances at life, why do we all live here?
a group of people standing in a cave with smoke coming out of it.
Origin of life studies have always focused on a set of strict environments that could give rise to life. Ante-life opens new possibilities.
A white rooster, symbolizing the protein origin of life, stands on straw near a wooden fence, a dish, and some greenery in the background.
In the beginning, genes weren't needed.
John Templeton Foundation
A red-orange background with atom-like scribbles
The answer to the age-old philosophical question of whether there is meaning in the Universe may ultimately rest upon the power of information.
John Templeton Foundation
There might be a hard limit to our knowledge of the Universe.
In the early 20th century, a young biochemist named Alexander Oparin set out to connect “the world of the living” to “the world of the dead.”
primordial slime
Bathybius haeckelii was briefly thought to be the link between inorganic matter and organic life.