Theoretical Models

Theoretical Models

quantum gravity
For generations, physicists have been searching for a quantum theory of gravity. But what if gravity isn't actually quantum at all?
An image of a nebula surrounded by stars, fine-tuned for life within its cosmic expanse.
Two of the answers add a dimension to physics that doesn’t belong there. Maybe we could call it "astrotheology."
universe bulk volume brane dimension
Three fundamental forces matter inside an atom, but gravity is mind-bogglingly weak on those scales. Could extra dimensions explain why?
A swirling, bright galaxy or nebula in deep space with a luminous center and spiraling blue and purple hues against a dark starry background.
12mins
Quantum wormholes are mathematically possible — but might also be physically impossible. Physicist Janna Levin explains Hawking’s famous information paradox.
A stylized, purple-tinted depiction of a black hole in space, showing a glowing accretion disk and a star-filled background.
5mins
Gravity defies quantum mechanics. What does that mean for a theory of everything?
gaia ESA milky way
Einstein's laws of gravity have been challenged many times, but have always emerged victorious. Could wide binary stars change all that?
An artist's rendering of a neutron star in space.
Ultracold gases in the lab could help scientists better understand the universe.
A pi symbol is shown on a white background representing real mathematical concepts.
Is mathematics woven into the very fabric of reality? Or is it merely a product of the human mind?
a computer generated image of a speaker and a box.
How are we to deal with the quantization of spacetime and gravity?
black hole emission radiation
In 1974, Hawking showed that black holes aren't stable, but emit radiation and decay. Nearly 50 years later, it isn't just for black holes.
einstein quote imagination knowledge
"Imagination is more important than knowledge" is often taken to mean that your conceptions outweigh what's real. That's not what he said.
a group of open doors in front of a blue sky.
The multiverse is an idea that has gained a lot of traction in popular culture. But what does science have to say about it?
a drawing of a mountain and a satellite dish.
Theory without experiment is blind, and experiment without theory is lame.
universe bulk volume brane dimension
Unless you confront your theory with what's actually out there in the Universe, you're playing in the sandbox, not engaging in science.
Black and white illustration of circular, radiating patterns with one large labeled circle "A" showing a central orbit-like design among several smaller circles.
7mins
Frank Wilczek is celebrated for his investigations into the fundamental laws of nature that have transformed our understanding of the forces that govern our Universe. In this video, the MIT […]
A circular pattern of overlapping purple and white spirals and loops appears against a black background.
3mins
Left–Right, Back–Forth, Up–Down. What’s the fourth dimension?
a man playing a violin in front of a piano.
To Einstein, nature had to be rational. But quantum physics showed us that there was not always a way to make it so.
particle collisions
The difference between predictions and observations of the magnetic properties of muons suggests a mystery for the Standard Model.
asteroid city
The authors call it "wildly theoretical" — but let's take a look, anyway.
The science fiction dream of a traversable wormhole is no closer to reality, despite a quantum computer's suggestive simulation.
Higgs boson
On July 4, we celebrate the tenth anniversary of the discovery of the Higgs boson, the missing piece of the Standard Model of particle physics.
neutrinos
Experiments cannot confirm what theory predicts about neutrinos. And particle physicists have no idea why.
In all of science, no figures have changed the world more than Einstein and Newton. Will anyone ever be as revolutionary again?
A black and white painting of a man with wavy hair, a mustache, and a suit, depicted in a semi-realistic style, evokes the thoughtful air of someone pondering an interpretation of quantum mechanics.
4mins
Our world would be impossible without quantum mechanics — but we still don’t have a narrative of how it works.
John Templeton Foundation
Equations that describe time travel are fully compatible and consistent with relativity — but physics is not mathematics.
singularity
Singularities frustrate our understanding. But behind every singularity in physics hides a secret door to a new understanding of the world.
is the multiverse real
Is the multiverse real? It's one of the hottest questions in all of theoretical physics. We invited two astrophysicists to join the debate.
symmetric
If the electromagnetic and weak forces unify to make the electroweak force, maybe, at even higher energies, something even greater happens?
space expanding
Yes, the Universe is expanding, but you might wonder, "How fast is it expanding?"