“There are a billion people living in Africa, and about 22 million have left their homes. In 2009, economic migrants like Mamadou Ndour sent about $316 billion back to their native countries. In Senegal, the money coming from Europe represents close to 10 percent of the gross domestic product. The flows of capital generated by these migrant workers already exceed the foreign development aid Senegal receives.” “Niodior is an African village that exists in two different places: in Senegal, where the families live in poverty, and in southern Spain, where their sons …work illegally and wire their earnings home, as a form of private development aid.”