History & Society

History & Society

Trace how culture, power, and ideas shape societies across time.

Silhouette of a person carrying a cross in front of the United States Capitol building, symbolizing cross purposes between faith and politics.
An atheist's case for why American democracy needs a more Christlike Christianity.
A collage with "The Nightcrawler" text, historic photos of Indigenous people, a blue-toned statue reminiscent of Leonardo da Vinci's art, and blue ocean waves overlapping the images.
Welcome to The Nightcrawler — a weekly newsletter from Eric Markowitz covering tech, innovation, and long-term thinking.
It rotates on its axis, revolves around the Sun, moves throughout the Milky Way, and gets carried by our galaxy all throughout space.
Map showing income per capita in 1300 (US dollars, 1990 PPP) across Europe, the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia, with regions shaded by income brackets.
A comparison of wealth gaps in ancient empires reveals stark differences and lasting consequences.
A classical painting of the historical Jesus carrying a cross, with his face obscured by white scribble marks.
The Gospels aren’t historical biographies but genre-defining works that blend myth, theology, and a promise of hope.
Marble bust of a bearded man with eyes closed and mouth covered by a strip of black tape, set against a black background.
20mins
“Even if there are beliefs that we hold that are true, if we prevent people challenging those beliefs, we will lose our understanding of why they're true.”
An artist's impression of a cluster of stars.
Many were hoping that JWST would find the first stars of all. Despite many hopeful claims, it hasn't, and probably can't. Here's how we can.
A man and a woman in ancient attire sit at a table indoors, engaged in conversation; beside the jug, roses, and scroll lies a small straw man figure.
What's the point in fighting a made up monster?
black hole baby universe
Here in our Universe, time passes at a fixed rate for all observers: one second-per-second. Before the Big Bang, things were very different.
A photograph of an ancient manuscript with Greek text, displayed on a plain background with abstract purple lines drawn around the edges.
Experts and Big Think writers recommend their favorite reads for diving deeper into the history and perspectives found in the Book of Books.
Large crowd of well-dressed people socializing at an indoor event; "Substack" is projected on a wall above.
The platform is a digital Royal Society for today's greatest minds — and it could play an essential role in shaping the next civilization.
Image split in half: left side shows a woolly mammoth in a natural landscape; right side shows an illustrated mammoth skeleton on a yellow background.
Dreams of resurrecting lost species didn’t start in Hollywood or Silicon Valley.
A man with short dark hair, glasses, and a goatee, wearing a blue jacket over a light shirt, stands in front of a beige, textured background.
The "Doctor Strange" director says mystery shifts your worldview — "not in a metaphorical sense, but in a deeply experiential one."
Abstract illustration of a figure reaching for a yellow sphere on the left, with colored overlapping circles and concentric arcs—evoking themes of physics and consciousness—set against a vibrant multicolored gradient background.
Many, from neuroscientists to philosophers to anesthesiologists, have claimed to understand consciousness. Do physicists? Does anyone?
Book cover for "Proto: How One Ancient Language Went Global" by Laura Spinney, featuring contour lines on a beige background, explores the journey of this killer language that reshaped communication worldwide.
English could settle into a state of "diglossia" where a gulf exists between the written form and its spoken varieties, but the two are bound into a single tongue.
Scatter plot with dark blue data points and black dashed elliptical contours centered on the origin, with axes labeled ξ (') horizontally and vertically—similar to plots used by astronomers in studies of the smallest galaxy ever discovered.
With stars, gas, and dark matter, galaxies come in a great array of sizes. This new one, Ursa Major III/UNIONS 1, is the smallest by far.
A human hand appears to hold a glowing celestial object surrounded by small planets and stars, creating the illusion of a miniature universe in the palm.
11mins
"We are all in orbit around the center of the Milky Way galaxy. How big is this collection of stars? Somewhere between 200 and 400 billion suns in the Milky Way galaxy, about 100,000 light years across."
tolkien fantasy
According to Tolkien, fantasy requires a deep imagination known as "sub-creation." And the genre reflects a fundamental truth of being human.
dark energy accelerated expansion
The fact that our Universe's expansion is accelerating implies that dark energy exists. But could it be even weirder than we've imagined?