History & Society

History & Society

Trace how culture, power, and ideas shape societies across time.

A soccer goalie displaying action and focus standing in front of a net.
We often assume that movement means progress and that doing something is better than doing nothing. That is often not true.
An illustration of a non-human main character, a fox, with birds on a branch.
See the world through the eyes of a horse — or a cake pan.
A map of europe with pink dots on it.
Thanks to protocols established centuries ago in Europe, world leaders no longer need to worry about having their heads bashed with an axe.
Stonehenge in england.
The clash of academic archaeology and what might be called folk archaeology comes into stark focus at Stonehenge.
An image of a spiral galaxy in space.
We need a hypothesis that accounts for both the fine-tuning of physics for life but also the arbitrariness and gratuitous suffering we find in the world.
A photo of a group of men with different colored circles on their heads.
The combined intellectual heft of multiple “big thinkers” delivered arguably the most successful scientific theory in history.
Steve Jobs in his office, showcasing survivorship bias in his journey of founding and leading Apple.
Survivorship bias occurs when we fail to consider how data was collected. To combat this, search for the "silent evidence."
Nasa's nebulas and galaxies - exploring parallel universes.
What do ghosts and anomalous galaxy rotation rates have in common? Some sci-fi enthusiasts believe the answer involves "parallel universes."
euclid globular cluster NGC 6397
Sometimes, going "deeper" doesn't reveal the answers you seek. By viewing more Universe with better precision, ESA's Euclid mission shines.
A bridge over the Kakhovka Dam.
Destruction of the Ukrainian dam unleashed a catastrophic flood—and surfaced centuries of cultural heritage. Now there’s a call not to rebuild it.
cosmic inflation
If the Universe is expanding, and the expansion is accelerating, what does that tell us about the cause of the expanding Universe?
An old black and white photograph of a bathroom.
Bathtubs and toilets each got their own rooms until health professionals urged architects to put all the plumbing in one room.
Lockman hole galaxy cluster herschel
Everything we observe beyond our Local Group is speeding away from us, omnidirectionally. If the Universe is expanding, where is the center?
A drawing of a cell highlighting various organelles.
Scientists agree that eons ago, a bacterium took up residence inside another cell and became its powerhouse, the mitochondrion. But there are competing theories about the birth of other organelles such as the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum.
A secularized church with ornate paintings on the walls.
Many countries' histories are governed by the familiar demographic story of growth, industrialization, and decline. But not France.
A person in a protective suit working in a mRNA vaccine factory.
AI was key to making Moderna's COVID mRNA vaccine. Its role in mRNA therapeutics will rapidly grow in the coming years.
Crab Nebula James Webb JWST
In 1054, a core-collapse supernova occurred 6500 light-years away. In 2023, JWST imaged the remnant, and might solve a massive mystery.
A portrait of Shakespeare, one of the greatest literary leaders in history.
Every successful leader can mine golden knowledge from the works of the Bard.