History & Society

History & Society

Trace how culture, power, and ideas shape societies across time.

A man with curly hair, a beard, and glasses, wearing a green button-up shirt, gestures with his hand against a plain white background.
22mins
"Rationalism is the idea that, in order to truly know something, you have to be able to describe it explicitly."
Two bright celestial objects, including the brightest planet, shine in the night sky, partially obscured by clouds and surrounded by smaller, faint stars.
Even at its faintest, Venus always outshines every other star and planet that's visible from Earth, and then some!
A dense field of distant galaxies and bright stars against a black background, as captured in a JWST early galaxies deep space telescope image.
Many collaborations have used JWST to take deep-field images: some wider and some deeper than others. Here's how it can surpass them all.
connected entangled pair
A century ago, quantum physics overthrew our view of a deterministic Universe. A profound 21st century theorem closes the door even further.
A lone silhouette of a person stands in a hazy, grainy environment, surrounded by darkness and indistinct shadows.
8mins
"The thing that the nihilist recognizes is that the values he or she holds are not grounded in anything other than their own preferences."
Image of a star field with numerous galaxies; several objects are circled in white, and one object is marked with an “X” near the center.
The Universe formed stars, galaxies, and even galaxy clusters extremely early on in our cosmos. This new marvel is one more JWST surprise.
A man with glasses and a beard works on a clay sculpture using a tool, set against a collage of historical art images and decorative patterns inspired by traditional Pasto varnish techniques.
The revival of Pasto Varnish shows how living heritage can survive if knowledge is passed on in time.
A person stands next to a large book titled "The Knowledge," symbolizing mastery of the city’s map.
One of the toughest vocational exams in the world requires candidates to memorize 25,000 streets in an area five times the size of Manhattan.
A yellow silhouette of a person dives above the snow-covered peak of a mountain against a dark sky.
For elite climbers, divers, and explorers, mastery can fuel an escalation loop in which identity and danger rise together.
A person is seen in a hazy landscape, centered within overlapping geometric shapes and colorful patterns, with lightning streaks in the background.
The Stoic philosopher argued that most of life is outside our control — but the little we do control defines who we are.
Our great hope is that today's indirect, astrophysical evidence will someday lead to successful direct detection. What if that's impossible?
A deep space image showing a field of distant galaxies with several regions zoomed in to highlight faint, small JWST objects.
Just like animals, galaxies often have bizarre, unusual, or even unique properties. But finding many, all at once, really does raise alarms.
A spinosaurus skeleton with tall back spines is shown in profile; its head is crossed out with a red scribble.
Ernst Stromer discovered Spinosaurus in Egypt. His fossils were destroyed in WWII, yet still shape how we imagine this mysterious dinosaur today.
moon landing Apollo 11
Our view of the world, the Universe, and ourselves can change with just one glimpse of what's out there. It's happened many times before.
A man with glasses reads a newspaper, with a glowing lightbulb illustration above his head, symbolizing an idea or realization.
Reading isn’t just writing prep; together, reading and writing help writers think and generate original ideas through extended cognition.
A man in a black suit sits on a chair in front of a white backdrop in a modern brick-walled room with large windows and minimal furnishings.
1hr 23mins
"The process of systematizing, correcting errors, finding approximations, and making them work as civil systems that was what really drove me to start looking at human calculation and what was the foundation that it laid for the modern computer age."
Raisin bread expanding Universe
Even in an expanding Universe, we expect both redshifted and blueshifted galaxies. But nearly every one we see is redshifted. Here's why.
A person in white clothing is partially emerging from a wooden coffin, one hand gripping the lid and the other reaching out, evoking a sense of nostalgia for stories of the past.
Today, nostalgia is somewhat kitsch. Back then, it was something to be feared.
An older man with glasses and a light blue shirt sits and smiles while raising his hand with fingers spread, in front of a plain white background.
18mins
"It's this modern idea of doing voluntary discretionary, physical activity for the sake of health and fitness."
Green and red aurora borealis lights, sparked by a recent solar radiation storm, arc across the night sky and reflect over a calm lake with a rocky shoreline.
The Sun often produces solar flares and coronal mass ejections, but a rare solar radiation storm made the 2026's first great auroral show.