History and Society

History and Society

Visualization of the timeline of the universe, from the beginning big bang to the present.
The Universe is expanding, the expansion is accelerating, and some galaxies even recede faster-than-light. Can we see a change in real time?
A book cover titled "The Laws of Thought" by Tom Griffiths appears next to the phrase "an excerpt from" on a split lavender and beige background.
In this excerpt from The Laws of Thought, Tom Griffiths shares how George Boole developed a mathematical theory of logic.
A man with a beard sits and smiles at the camera, surrounded by various historical and documentary images arranged in a collage.
The "Creativity Pioneers" proving that imagination is a practical tool for social transformation.
Moleskine Foundation
Carl Sagan's baloney detection kit taught us how to separate good science from the work of charlatans. In 2026, that matters more than ever.
A laptop made of a rough, brown, stone-like material with green squiggly lines emerging from its screen, set against a black background.
AI is not a rupture in history, but a continuation of intelligence emerging where information becomes systematically arranged.
A man in a red and gold robe, resembling Julius Caesar, kneels on the ground, reaching out as several men in white robes with raised weapons surround him.
Julius Caesar conquered Gaul but his emotional intelligence was pitiful — and there’s plenty we can learn from his leadership deficiencies.
Silhouette of NASA's Europa Clipper spacecraft with antennas poised against a colorful planetary surface, sparking dreams of alien life.
No claim has even made it halfway up the Confidence of Life Detection (CoLD) scale, but 21st century science is just beginning to unfold.
The word "chaos" is repeatedly written in orange over a beige background, with a large, rough black scribble overlaid in the center.
In this excerpt from Think Like a Mathematician, Junaid Mubeen explains how tiny actions can shape complex systems, revealing the limits of prediction and control in our lives.
Two bright celestial objects, including the brightest planet, shine in the night sky, partially obscured by clouds and surrounded by smaller, faint stars.
Even at its faintest, Venus always outshines every other star and planet that's visible from Earth, and then some!
A dense field of distant galaxies and bright stars against a black background, as captured in a JWST early galaxies deep space telescope image.
Many collaborations have used JWST to take deep-field images: some wider and some deeper than others. Here's how it can surpass them all.
connected entangled pair
A century ago, quantum physics overthrew our view of a deterministic Universe. A profound 21st century theorem closes the door even further.
Image of a star field with numerous galaxies; several objects are circled in white, and one object is marked with an “X” near the center.
The Universe formed stars, galaxies, and even galaxy clusters extremely early on in our cosmos. This new marvel is one more JWST surprise.
A man with glasses and a beard works on a clay sculpture using a tool, set against a collage of historical art images and decorative patterns inspired by traditional Pasto varnish techniques.
The revival of Pasto Varnish shows how living heritage can survive if knowledge is passed on in time.
A person stands next to a large book titled "The Knowledge," symbolizing mastery of the city’s map.
One of the toughest vocational exams in the world requires candidates to memorize 25,000 streets in an area five times the size of Manhattan.
A yellow silhouette of a person dives above the snow-covered peak of a mountain against a dark sky.
For elite climbers, divers, and explorers, mastery can fuel an escalation loop in which identity and danger rise together.
A person is seen in a hazy landscape, centered within overlapping geometric shapes and colorful patterns, with lightning streaks in the background.
The Stoic philosopher argued that most of life is outside our control — but the little we do control defines who we are.
Our great hope is that today's indirect, astrophysical evidence will someday lead to successful direct detection. What if that's impossible?
A deep space image showing a field of distant galaxies with several regions zoomed in to highlight faint, small JWST objects.
Just like animals, galaxies often have bizarre, unusual, or even unique properties. But finding many, all at once, really does raise alarms.
A spinosaurus skeleton with tall back spines is shown in profile; its head is crossed out with a red scribble.
Ernst Stromer discovered Spinosaurus in Egypt. His fossils were destroyed in WWII, yet still shape how we imagine this mysterious dinosaur today.
moon landing Apollo 11
Our view of the world, the Universe, and ourselves can change with just one glimpse of what's out there. It's happened many times before.
A man with glasses reads a newspaper, with a glowing lightbulb illustration above his head, symbolizing an idea or realization.
Reading isn’t just writing prep; together, reading and writing help writers think and generate original ideas through extended cognition.
Raisin bread expanding Universe
Even in an expanding Universe, we expect both redshifted and blueshifted galaxies. But nearly every one we see is redshifted. Here's why.
A person in white clothing is partially emerging from a wooden coffin, one hand gripping the lid and the other reaching out, evoking a sense of nostalgia for stories of the past.
Today, nostalgia is somewhat kitsch. Back then, it was something to be feared.
Green and red aurora borealis lights, sparked by a recent solar radiation storm, arc across the night sky and reflect over a calm lake with a rocky shoreline.
The Sun often produces solar flares and coronal mass ejections, but a rare solar radiation storm made the 2026's first great auroral show.
Many view the development of fringe, alternative theories as a useless waste of time. But when they can be tested, it shows what reality is.
Abstract illustration of two wide eyes with red irises peeking over a pale green, angular shape against a black background.
A tour of the literary cover-ups, extraterrestrials, and cryptids lurking in the bookish backwoods.
Two men sit on grass under trees, talking. One, an elderly man with white hair and a mustache, appears to be a Great Mentor. Both wear outdoor jackets; backpacks rest beside them in the dappled sunlight.
Welcome to The Nightcrawler — a weekly newsletter from Eric Markowitz covering tech, innovation, and long-term thinking.
black hole
It's not about particle-antiparticle pairs falling into or escaping from a black hole. A deeper explanation alters our view of reality.
Diagram showing light from a distant galaxy bending around a red-hued massive object, reaching telescopes on Earth via different paths and at different times.
The VENUS survey isn't about planets at all, but about finding multiply-lensed supernovae. The ambition? To save the expanding Universe.