Planetary Science

Planetary Science

how many planets
From size to mass to density and more, each world in our Solar System is unique. When we compare them, the results are truly shocking.
perseid meteor shower mt lemmon adam block
Peaking on the night of August 11/12, up to 100 bright meteors per hour will be visible. Here's how to make the most of it.
lunar horizon glow clementine
Earth, the only rocky planet with a large, massive satellite, is greatly affected by the Moon. Destroying it would cause 7 major changes.
epsilon eridani comet storm
Straddling the bounds of science and religion, Newton wondered who set the planets in motion. Astrophysics reveals the answer.
Five round, flat objects in black, blue, gray, red, and green are arranged in a row on a grid background.
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“We wouldn’t be able to talk about minerals if it weren’t for the minerals themselves.” Mineralogist Bob Hazen explains how Earth’s rocks can teach us about our planet’s technicolor history.
A brown rock with two googly eyes attached to its upper half, set against a plain black background.
3mins
The mind-blowing theory that everything is evolving—from minerals to music—explained in 3 minutes by a Carnegie scientist.
Illustration of a cluster of yellow crystal formations with pointed tips, drawn on a light, off-white background.
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“I study the mineral kingdom — and its secrets could lead us to alien life.”
A series of sun positions during sunset over a landscape, with trees in the foreground and mountains in the background, creating a pattern of glowing points in the sky.
Sure, there's less daylight during winter than summer, as your hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun. But darkness goes deeper than that.
moon two faces
The near and far sides of the Moon are so different from each other, and no one is sure why. New lunar samples could confirm a wild theory.
A spacecraft hovers near a bright ring of light in space, surrounded by misty rays and a vast, dark background.
This research team is working out how to detect extraterrestrial cells in the liquid water ocean hidden beneath Enceladus’s icy crust.
how many planets
From the coldest planets to spacecraft that have exited the Solar System, these little-known facts stump even many professional astronomers.
A view of Earth from space with a bright sunburst at the planet's edge. Stars and a dark expanse of space serve as the background.
The number of planets that could support life may be far greater than previously thought, a recent discovery suggests.
Illustration of a drone exploring over a dusty, red martian landscape with mountains in the background.
NASA's minivan-sized drone is scheduled to search for signs of life on Titan in 2034.
A realistic illustration of earth in space, bathed in sunlight with a visible blue glow from the GaiaSignatures atmosphere.
"I hope we take a mindset where we are willing to look for weird life in weird places."
A striking view of a blue planet, similar to earth, seen from space with part of its surface illuminated by sunlight against a starry background.
Explore how the study of exoplanets is transforming our understanding of ocean formation.
Colorful interstellar gas and dust form towering pillars in a star-forming region of space.
A deep dive into the chaotic journey of star formation.
An image of a fireball emerging from a dark background.
Until the Apollo missions, we had no idea how the moon got here, just a series of educated guesses. They rewrote the story of the moon’s origins.
Comparison of early Mars with abundant water and a thicker atmosphere versus the dry and arid Mars of today, much like Venus, which also died in terms of its potential to support life.
In the early stages of our Solar System, there were three life-friendly planets: Venus, Earth, and Mars. Only Earth thrived. Here's why.
Nasa's curiosity rover on mars.
The case for why NASA should pivot to searching for current — not ancient — signs of life.
A digitally enhanced view of a crescent planet Earth with a galaxy in the background.
The Earth that exists today wasn't formed simultaneously with the Sun and the other planets. In some ways, we're quite a latecomer.
A view of jupiter from space.
NASA's Juno mission, in orbit around Jupiter, occasionally flies past its innermost large moon: Io. The volcanic activity is unbelievable.
Saturn is shown in one image, while Neptune is shown in a different image.
As Uranus approaches its solstice, its polar caps, rings, and moons come into their best focus ever under JWST's watchful eye. See it now!
An image of Halley's comet in the sky.
On December 9, 2023, Halley's Comet reached aphelion: its farthest point from the Sun. As it returns, here are 10 facts you should know.
An image of a moon with lava on it.
Looking back on our planet's early history offers a new (and less crazy) meaning for the idea of a "flat Earth."
A group of planets in space with a sun in the background.
The TRAPPIST-1 system is a treasure trove of possibilities and questions. Observations by JWST have just begun.
venus earth comparison
Out of the four rocky planets in our Solar System, only Earth presently has plate tectonics. But billions of years ago, Venus had them, too.
An image of the Martian surface.
Sophisticated rovers have found the conditions for Martian life, as well as the building blocks of life, but never life itself. AI can help.
An artist's impression of a planet collision.
The Universe, although violent, is filled with creation events following destructive ones. 1850 light-years away, both types are unfolding.
mars oceans
Chemical changes inside Mars' core caused it to lose its magnetic field. This, in turn, caused it to lose its oceans. But how?
An artist's impression of a group of planets in space detected via the doppler method.
Finding a tiny planet around bright stars dozens or hundreds of light-years from Earth is extremely difficult.