History and Society

History and Society

Our great hope is that today's indirect, astrophysical evidence will someday lead to successful direct detection. What if that's impossible?
A deep space image showing a field of distant galaxies with several regions zoomed in to highlight faint, small JWST objects.
Just like animals, galaxies often have bizarre, unusual, or even unique properties. But finding many, all at once, really does raise alarms.
A spinosaurus skeleton with tall back spines is shown in profile; its head is crossed out with a red scribble.
Ernst Stromer discovered Spinosaurus in Egypt. His fossils were destroyed in WWII, yet still shape how we imagine this mysterious dinosaur today.
moon landing Apollo 11
Our view of the world, the Universe, and ourselves can change with just one glimpse of what's out there. It's happened many times before.
A man with glasses reads a newspaper, with a glowing lightbulb illustration above his head, symbolizing an idea or realization.
Reading isn’t just writing prep; together, reading and writing help writers think and generate original ideas through extended cognition.
A man in a black suit sits on a chair in front of a white backdrop in a modern brick-walled room with large windows and minimal furnishings.
1hr 23mins
"The process of systematizing, correcting errors, finding approximations, and making them work as civil systems that was what really drove me to start looking at human calculation and what was the foundation that it laid for the modern computer age."
Raisin bread expanding Universe
Even in an expanding Universe, we expect both redshifted and blueshifted galaxies. But nearly every one we see is redshifted. Here's why.
A person in white clothing is partially emerging from a wooden coffin, one hand gripping the lid and the other reaching out, evoking a sense of nostalgia for stories of the past.
Today, nostalgia is somewhat kitsch. Back then, it was something to be feared.
An older man with glasses and a light blue shirt sits and smiles while raising his hand with fingers spread, in front of a plain white background.
18mins
"It's this modern idea of doing voluntary discretionary, physical activity for the sake of health and fitness."
Green and red aurora borealis lights, sparked by a recent solar radiation storm, arc across the night sky and reflect over a calm lake with a rocky shoreline.
The Sun often produces solar flares and coronal mass ejections, but a rare solar radiation storm made the 2026's first great auroral show.
Many view the development of fringe, alternative theories as a useless waste of time. But when they can be tested, it shows what reality is.
Abstract illustration of two wide eyes with red irises peeking over a pale green, angular shape against a black background.
A tour of the literary cover-ups, extraterrestrials, and cryptids lurking in the bookish backwoods.
Two men sit on grass under trees, talking. One, an elderly man with white hair and a mustache, appears to be a Great Mentor. Both wear outdoor jackets; backpacks rest beside them in the dappled sunlight.
Welcome to The Nightcrawler — a weekly newsletter from Eric Markowitz covering tech, innovation, and long-term thinking.
black hole
It's not about particle-antiparticle pairs falling into or escaping from a black hole. A deeper explanation alters our view of reality.
Diagram showing light from a distant galaxy bending around a red-hued massive object, reaching telescopes on Earth via different paths and at different times.
The VENUS survey isn't about planets at all, but about finding multiply-lensed supernovae. The ambition? To save the expanding Universe.
A colorful silhouette of a person sits at a desk, using a computer with a monitor displaying horizontal static lines—an image inspired by the innovative creativity of Jeff DeGraff.
AI may be rewriting “how” we work — but not “why” we work. And this has profound implications for leadership.
Five panels show NASA Chandra images of Kepler's supernova remnant as it expands over 25 years, with increasingly diffuse blue filaments against a starry background; a composite is shown in the last panel.
Back in 1604, Johannes Kepler discovered the Milky Way's last naked-eye supernova. Here's how NASA's Chandra sees it over the 21st century.
Ancient-style illustration of three nude male warriors running, each holding a decorated round shield and wearing a crested helmet, inspired by themes explored by thinkers like Ezekiel Emanuel.
Health policy expert Ezekiel Emanuel says you don’t have to be obsessed to live a healthy life. Wellness can, and should, be something you enjoy.
A man sitting in a chair.
1hr 51mins
Stoicism has been flattened into slogans about toughness, detachment, and emotional silence, a version that’s easy to sell, but mostly wrong.  Massimo Pigliucci returns Stoicism to its original purpose: a […]
Book cover of "Invisible Illness" by Emily Mendenhall, depicting a person holding a mirror with the title reflected, set against a cloudy sky—capturing the hidden struggles of living with an invisible illness.
Emily Mendenhall traces the medical myths, gender bias, and neurological truths behind hysteria, one of history’s most damaging diagnoses.
zeno's paradox
Travel half the distance to your destination, and there's always another half to go. So how do you eventually arrive? That's Zeno's Paradox.
A galaxy cluster with a faint purple glow, showing a dotted yellow circle in the center, surrounded by distant stars and galaxies.
Astronomers have found starless gas clouds before, but Cloud 9 might be the most pristine one of all, with big lessons for cosmic history.
3D topographic map showing underwater reefs and features labeled with names such as Toul ar Fot, TAF1, Porz Biazel, and Ar Fot Bras; scale and north arrow included.
Scientists found a massive underwater wall off the coast of France that might help explain the origin of the legend of Ys.
Illustration of a person holding a cup while selecting a book from a shelf filled with various colorful book spines.
Revisiting the year’s noteworthy nonfiction.
A checkerboard pattern of blue and beige squares features line art of people, abstract graphs, black pixel clusters, fingerprint-like textures, and hints of AI lessons woven throughout the design.
Handled right, AI has potential to bring back middle-skill jobs lost to the rise of computers, economists argue. Or, like the mechanized mills of the past, it could toss whole sectors out of work.
A person with a shaved head, beard, and blue-framed glasses—reminiscent of Demis Hassabis—looks at the camera with their hand resting on their face against a dark background.
Welcome to The Nightcrawler — a weekly newsletter from Eric Markowitz covering tech, innovation, and long-term thinking.
Illustration featuring a brain, a profile of a man resting his face on his hand, a sketch of a head, and brain scan images in purple and green tones.
Neuroscience isn’t dissolving philosophy’s hardest problems — it’s forcing us to rethink where they live.
An older man sits on a chair in front of a white backdrop in a modern, brightly lit room with colorful pillows and minimalist decor.
16mins
"Being connected to another person makes us feel safer and keeps our bodies at a kind of physiologic equilibrium that promotes health."
An older man with a white beard sits on a chair against a white backdrop, with a large, colorful DNA double helix illustration in the background.
54mins
“How can all the diversity and, sort of, seeming order that's out there in the world emerge from a process dependent upon chance?”
Top-down view of assorted wild mushrooms arranged in a circle with beige and orange cutout shapes on a black background.
Well before plants and animals, there were fungi.