History and Society

History and Society

Illustration of an orange fish jumping over a mountain slope toward a target line, with labeled bars A, B, and C on the right side, highlighting the theme of conformity.
What a 1950s experiment reveals about conformity in the age of the internet.
Split image: Left side shows a military aircraft releasing a missile mid-air; right side displays a US dollar bill and Iranian currency partially overlapping.
From bombed reactors to inflation and blackouts, a cascade of crises is testing the Islamic Republic’s resilience like never before.
Book cover of "The Great Math War" featuring three black-and-white portraits—one of Georg Cantor—and handwritten math notes, with subtitle about three mathematicians fighting for math’s foundations.
In this excerpt from "The Great Math War," Jason Socrates Bardi explores how Georg Cantor revolutionized mathematics and reshaped how our finite minds conceived of the infinite.
supermassive black holes
Such massive, early supermassive black holes have puzzled astronomers for decades. At last, we've finally figured out how they form.
A split image shows a person typing on a laptop on the left and gridlocked cars on the right, set against connected nodes and letters—a visual nod to Jack Nilles, pioneer of telecommuting.
Decades before COVID imposed remote work on the world, Jack Nilles pioneered WFH and championed its many benefits.
One side of the Moon always faces us: the near side. The "dark side" of the Moon began as a mere metaphor, but today, science can weigh in.
Illustration of a person using a telescope among large stacks of paper, with red graph-like squares in the background.
Real progress demands rules built for uncertainty — not for the few innovations dominating today’s tech landscape.
A crowded room with people suffering from illness; some lie in bed, others sit or kneel, while a few interact and offer assistance.
Preindustrial life wasn’t simple or serene — it was filthy, violent, and short. The Industrial Revolution was imperfect, but it was progress.
An illustration of a Roman-style ruin labeled "Common Law" is overlaid with concentric semicircles labeled Industrial Revolution, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Generative Models.
Common law has long balanced innovation and accountability. Can it do the same for AI?
Two women stand and speak in front of a projector screen displaying a graph titled "YIMBY Action’s Ladder of Engagement" at a presentation or workshop.
To build a better world, we first have to understand how change actually happens.
A woman sits in a chair facing a group of people seated on the floor in a casual indoor setting, with a vintage or sepia filter adding an air of longevity to the scene.
From treating specific diseases to targeting aging itself, Progress Conference 2025 explored the many routes to extending life.
A man holding a microphone speaks to an audience in front of a bookshelf and a display with logos, including "Roots of Progress Institute" and "Big Think.
At the foundation of America’s progress movement are immigrants who still believe this country can build.
A graphic contrasts pragmatists and purists in moral philosophy, with photos of activists and protest scenes connected by arrows labeled "progress.
History shows that progress often depends on activists at both ends of the spectrum.
A woman with glasses and short hair smiles slightly, wearing a striped sweater, with an orange-toned background and a grid pattern above.
Jennifer Pahlka, author and Code for America founder, on what comes after Elon Musk’s failed attempt at government efficiency — and how we can modernize federal agencies to improve people’s lives.
A grid of twelve black-and-white icons representing various scientific fields, with “Artificial Intelligence” highlighted in red under a polygonal brain illustration.
The case that a bipartisan movement structured around progress and reform may be reaching critical mass.
flight through universe CEERS JWST NASA
Wavelengths stretch, distances grow, and temperatures cool as the Universe expands with time. How are the various cosmic parameters related?
Book cover titled "Machine Decision Is Not Final: China and the History and Future of AI," highlighting the evolution of AI China, with editor and contributor names listed in English and Chinese.
Leaders in China hope that AI and robotics can finally resolve the flaws of a centralized planned economy. But US technoculture has an edge.
Black and white illustration of a person passing wind amid clouds, with the gas depicted as a sharp burst.
In this excerpt from The Breath of the Gods, Simon Winchester explores how the Sumerians first named the wind and shaped our early understanding of the natural world.
A vast starry sky showcases a spinning galaxy, a relic from 12 billion years ago, among countless stars of varying brightness on a dark background.
For over 10 billion years, the cosmic star-formation rate has been dropping and dropping. Someday, the final star in the Universe will die.
Collage showing hands using a smartphone in the foreground and a vintage illustration of a printing press in the background, separated by arrows pointing opposite directions.
Digital tools are pulling us away from fixed texts and back toward fluid, interactive communication.
A human skull rests on a closed book beside an inkwell, a quill, a candlestick, and an open book—evoking the timeless allure of books that will change your life on a dimly lit tabletop.
"Our ultimate goal, after all, is not a good death but a good life to the very end."
Black and white illustration of a 19th-century steam-powered paddleboat, reminiscent of the one commandeered by Robert Smalls, docked by the shore with smoke rising from its central smokestack.
In this excerpt from "The First Eight," Congressman Jim Clyburn shares the story of Robert Smalls, the man whose audience with Lincoln may have saved the Union army.
Collage with red and gray tones shows a hand writing in a notebook, crumpled paper, an iceberg, and the text “The Nightcrawler” at the top—capturing a mood of long thinking and creative struggle.
Welcome to The Nightcrawler — a weekly newsletter from Eric Markowitz covering tech, innovation, and long-term thinking.
In 2017, a kilonova sent light and gravitational waves across the Universe. Here on Earth, there was a 1.7 second signal arrival delay. Why?
A historical illustration shows a crowd gathered outdoors, with a separate close-up of hands sorting through documents at a desk.
Governance scholar and University of Pittsburgh professor Jennifer Brick Murtazashvili, Ph.D. on the forces that decide whether conflicted nations unify or unravel.
John Templeton Foundation
A detailed image of the Eta Carinae star system could trick science headlines with its bright, colorful clouds of gas and dust in blue, red, and purple hues swirling around a luminous central region.
Dark matter, dark energy, and the Big Bang are all part of a solid scientific foundation. Here's why popular media often claims otherwise.
A wavy line, one meter long, transitions from dark red to bright yellow above a ruler, set against a magenta oval with a blue background featuring drawn human figures.
Until the late 20th century, there wasn't a truly universal standard. Under our current definition, everyone agrees on what "one meter" is.
Silhouettes of people walk toward a large stack of books on a barren, monochrome landscape with a pale background.
The great books aren’t just classics — they’re cultural Schelling points that give our minds a place to meet up in the world of ideas.
Book cover for "The History of Money: A Story of Humanity" by David McWilliams, featuring stacked coins arranged in a Fibonacci sequence on a black background with white and gold text.
Fibonacci’s "Liber Abaci" not only revolutionized commerce — it also helped nudge the world towards reasoned, quantitative enquiry.