Science

Science

An Ishihara color blindness test with colored dots, showing letters “u” and “d” in black, and a magnified section highlighting the dot pattern—inviting viewers to observe proton decay through subtle visual cues.
"Color" with respect to the strong force is just an analogy. Here's how to understand it without colors, group theory, or any advanced math.
moon landing Apollo 11
Even though no human has stepped foot on the Moon's surface in 50 years, the evidence of our presence there remains unambiguous.
A colorful map shows the distribution of nearby galaxies, with distances and redshift factors labeled, created by DESI; NSF, NOIRLab, and Kitt Peak logos are visible.
Is dark energy evolving with at least 99.99% confidence? Despite the quality of recent data, scientists have every reason to be skeptical.
Two peculiar galaxies collide in deep space, forming bright clusters and swirling dust clouds—a striking scene that reveals the beauty and violence of the cosmos against a dark background.
Most massive galaxies are spiral or elliptical shaped. But peculiar galaxies showcase the beautiful violence that helps explain our cosmos.
travel straight line
In theory, the fabric of space could have been curved in any way imaginable. So why is the Universe flat when we measure it?
warm-hot intergalactic medium sculptor wall
In traveling through the expanding Universe, particles slow down while light and gravitational waves redshift. What degrades and what won't?
The fundamental building blocks of reality are indivisible: quanta that cannot be split or divided. Our understanding remains incomplete.
Illustration of ape to human evolution with skeletal figures, labeled amino acids, and colorful dots representing molecular structures, highlighting metabolism and the origin of life on Earth.
A big open question in 21st-century science is how life began here on Earth. The metabolism-first scenario just might be the best one.
cosmic rays
At the upper limits of what's energetically possible, cosmic rays still persist. What happens if a human gets hit by the most energetic one?
A colorful map shows the distribution of nearby galaxies, with distances and redshift factors labeled, created by DESI; NSF, NOIRLab, and Kitt Peak logos are visible.
The seeds of cosmic structure that were planted back during the Big Bang grew into the cosmic web we see today. What is it telling us?
quantum communications
Perhaps the most remarkable fact about the Universe is simply that it, and everything in it, exists. But what's the reason why?
A woman in a red dress is gracefully ice skating on a frozen lake.
While ice itself is slick, slippery, and difficult to navigate across under most circumstances, skaters easily glide across the ice.
Diagram showing light from a distant galaxy bending around a red-hued massive object, reaching telescopes on Earth via different paths and at different times.
With the observation of SN 2025wny, a lensed superluminous supernova, astronomy's future comes into sharp, exciting focus.
Illustration of various carbon molecules, including buckyballs and graphene sheets, floating in space near a bright cosmic background with stars and nebulae.
It takes a wide variety of processes in the Universe to make all the elements that populate space today. We're still discovering new ones!
moon two faces
The far side of the Moon is incredibly different from the Earth-facing side. 66 years later, we know why the Moon's faces are not alike.
An older man with gray hair and glasses speaks into a microphone, gesturing with one hand, against a green and grid-patterned background.
With new labs, funding models, and institutions, metascience is reinventing the machinery of discovery.
A painting of a man with a beard.
Panpsychist philosopher Philip Goff, PhD on mysticism and the future of faith.
John Templeton Foundation
Three side-by-side images show different views of the Red Spider Nebula in space, captured by JWST, with a bright center and colorful gases in orange, green, and blue against a backdrop of stars.
When dying, Sun-like stars have binary companions, spectacular sights arise from the ionization. JWST spots the Red Spider Nebula in action!
big bang
For 13.8 billion years, the Universe has been expanding. But that couldn't have been the case for an eternity, and science has proven it.
a black background with circles and a star in the center.
Proposed over 2000 years ago by Democritus, the word atom literally means uncuttable. Revived in 1803, today's "atoms" can indeed be split.
A four-panel image featuring orange chevrons, a detective silhouette with a magnifying glass, a grayscale portrait of a woman, and a stylized eye on a green background.
Members
In this expert class, writer Maria Konnikova explores how Sherlock Holmes's rational sleuthing techniques can be applied to real-world science, enhancing our understanding of memory, creativity, and problem-solving.
Two large Martian rocks with circular drill holes and light-colored dust are shown on a sandy, rocky surface. Part of a rover’s equipment, searching for traces of organics or signs of Mars life, is visible at the bottom of the image.
The red planet, Mars, may once have been teeming with life, just as Earth is today. Finding "organics" on Mars, however, doesn't mean life.
Two diagrams: the left shows a complex, circular, multicolored network; the right displays a theoretical physics diagram with labeled axes and colored particle symbols, capturing the intricate nature of physics hard concepts.
When you don't have enough clues to bring your detective story to a close, you should expect that your educated guesses will all be wrong.
The Universe was born incredibly hot, and has expanded and cooled ever since. Could life have begun back when space was "room temperature?"
A vintage, hexagonal brooch featuring a realistic painted human eye in the center, surrounded by a metallic frame.
2mins
Astrobiologist Betül Kaçar on why the simple act of asking questions (without needing a reason) is one of the most powerful things a human can do.
creation of adam sistine
When it comes to our Universe's origins, scientists discuss the Big Bang, cosmic inflation, and other theories. Why doesn't "God" come up?
5000 exoplanets
Somewhere, at some point in the history of our Universe, life arose. We're evidence of that here on Earth, but many big puzzles remain.
A visual simulation of two objects orbiting and merging, distorting a red-orange grid representing spacetime—illustrating gravitational waves once thought to be the worst prediction in science.
The measured value of the cosmological constant is 120 orders of magnitude smaller than what's predicted. How can this paradox be resolved?
A magnifying glass focusing on concentric circles against a plain teal background.
19mins
"It's a very, very beautiful calculation, but it's the best example I know of the relationship between these rather abstract quantities perhaps and something that you can look at in a telescope."
the night sky with stars and trees in the foreground.
Looking at a dark, night sky has filled humans with a sense of awe and wonder since prehistoric times. But appearances can be deceiving.